Thursday, January 3, 2008

Lesson for public servant

A lesson for public servants

By: (Thu, 03 Jan 2008)

When a sex scandal involving a public figure makes the news, the fate of the leader concerned is all but sealed. So Datuk Seri Dr Chua Soi Lek, who admitted on Tuesday that he was the person who was filmed having extramarital sex, really had no option but to go.

His resignation yesterday from the cabinet, all party posts and from parliament was the logical next step for the health minister, MCA vice president and member of Parliament for Labis although, clearly, he did not think it was necessary for him to quit.

In announcing his resignation, he accused the public of taking the "moral high ground" and said that he thought his quick admission of guilt was good enough to save his career.

He is wrong. It is not about anyone taking the moral high ground. It is about him losing the moral ground to be a leader. A public servant, more so a cabinet minister, is expected to conform to a higher standard of conduct than ordinary citizens. Admission of guilt to a wrongdoing does not grant one exemption from being penalised for that indiscretion. If that was to be the case, many wrongdoers will escape punishment by merely making a confession.

And no matter what is said about the motives of those who distributed the DVD so widely in Johor and other states, the fact remains that what Chua did he did on his own. It wasn’t an entrapment.

This episode should serve as a lesson to all politicians to stop any shenanigans because if they are exposed, then they just have to go. Perhaps the best thing that can be said for Chua is that his quick admission brought the episode to an early close. If he had chosen instead to indulge in a futile game of denial and raising of doubts about the evidence, there would have probably been more muckraking before the inevitable end.

Chua should now be left to deal with the consequences of his actions on his family life in the interests of decency and compassion.

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Chua Soi Lek Qiuts

Chua quits all

'It's not for us to judge Chua' | MCA accepts Chua's resignation | PM: Chua's resignation appropriate

By: Pauline Puah, B.Suresh Ram and Cheryn Tan (Wed, 02 Jan 2008)

Datuk Dr Chua Soi Lek

PUTRAJAYA (Jan 2, 2008): A day after he bravely confessed to being the man in a secretly-filmed sex video and defiantly refused to resign, a bitter health minister and MCA vice-president Datuk Dr Chua Soi Lek today resigned from his government, all party posts and as Labis MP with immediate effect.

He told a packed press conference in his office here: "I've informed the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister and MCA president that I will resign as Health Minister with immediate effect. I also relinquish my post as Labis MP, MCA vice-president, Johor MCA chairman and Batu Pahat MCA head."

Datuk Seri Dr Abdullah Ahmad Badawi said Chua's decision was an appropriate one, adding that the matter was not discussed in the Cabinet meeting today and that no recommendations had been made.

He said a temporary health minister would be appointed, and that the portfolio would still go to the MCA.

The prime minister said he did not think that this episode would precipitate a crisis in the MCA.

Just a day earlier, Chua had said in his constituency of Labis that he would not resign as he served at the pleasure of the prime minister and that it was clear why the DVDs, which were reportedly recorded two years ago, were being distributed now. He had also said the woman was his "personal friend".

Asked why he changed his mind within 24 hours, the 61-year-old Chua said: "After I confessed my mistake, I had hoped Malaysians would accept my apology. Unfortunately, from the feedback I've received, I found that Malaysians could not accept it. Some Malaysians are behaving holier-than-thou.

"I am afraid if I continue to hold the positions in the government or the party, it would be a burden to the government and the party, especially in the context of Islam Hadhari and healthy political culture mooted by my party president (Datuk Seri Ong Ka Ting)."

Chua also had some advice to MCA and other BN component party leaders who may find themselves in a similar position.

"Those who have made mistakes or have certain weaknesses as a leader have to be responsible. That is why I come before not only the national and party leaders, but also the rakyat. It seems that I am not accepted," he said in his trademark sarcasm.

He admitted he had "idealised" a situation that the public would accept his apology.

"I think I have simplified a complex matter. By doing so (confessing), I thought people would think that I am a political leader with high moral grounds ... after 61 years, I have learnt a lesson that honesty doesn't always pay."

On whether the support of the Chinese community for the BN government would be affected, he said: "No. A lot of people think that I am a baggage to carry because they want to behave holier-than-thou. Maybe the support will increase because they think that all they have in the government are very clear."

The whole episode had panned out in a whirl as an old year gave way to the new. Two DVDs were distributed at random in Johor by unknown people. One DVD lasted 56 minutes and the other 44 minutes.

Asked when he tendered his resignation, he said he had done so just before the press conference, which started at 3.40pm.

"Starting today, I will be an ordinary rakyat. I hope I won't be a target of certain quarters anymore."

He revealed that the prime minister had promised him an investigation would be done to find out who are behind the filming of the scenes "so it won't be a practice in this country where people are allowed to use these tactics to topple anyone".

"If this person successfully (escapes), I am sure I would not be the first and I would not be the last (victim). In a political struggle, it should be based on your performance, professionalism and integrity. So a simple tape can destroy a person's political career. If they find this is effective, I am sure people are smart to use it. This is the most cost and time effective (method)," he said.

Chua said he was "proud" that he dared to admit his mistake in public.

However, he reiterated that he would not speculate if he was a victim of political assassination.

"I have received no fewer than 200 SMSes condemning certain party leaders, I would not go into it. The moment I leave, I don't like to see my party split. I hope the party leadership under Datuk Seri Ong Ka Ting, if he is practising real healthy political culture, would look into it."

Chua, who had openly declared he would be contesting higher posts in the party, including the presidency, said the healthy political culture should also embrace zero corruption and no moral judgment.

"Healthy politcal cultures should not be just confined to only the terms of the office. Terms of office are the easiest to fulfil," he said.

Under Ong's leadership, MCA has set a regulation that a leader could not hold party or government positions for more than three terms.

Asked if he was forced to resign, he said: "I think the public opinion has not been in my favour."

"National leaders in a democratic country are elected by the rakyat so they have also to listen to the rakyat," he said when asked by the press if national leaders had forced him to leave.

Chua appeared calm when fielding questions from reporters in the 35-minute press conference. He had earliler met his supporters who tried to convince him to stay on.

At times, he also joked. "Now I don't have to look back to see who is following me, who is putting a tape in my room when I go to sleep in any hotel. Now, I am free like all of you."

Chua said everyone's privacy has to be protected.

"My biggest mistake was that I stayed in the hotel and in the same room for convenience. Next time, when you stay in a hotel, good luck to you."

At one point, he hit out when asked for the response of the woman in the tape following his public confession.

"I think that is not important. I should not be discussing my private life. If you are interested, maybe you can see the tape together with me. Would you like to see the tape with me?" he asked.

Some supporters were seen shedding tears after his announcement.


'It's not for us to judge Chua'

PETALING JAYA (Jan 2, 2008): Former Health Minister Datuk Seri Dr Chua Soi Lek’s resignation was an emotional response to society’s inflated sense of moral high ground, said women’s rights activist Zaitun Kasim.

"Is it for the public to make these decisions?" she asked, stating firmly that the real crime is in the invasion of privacy, rather than adultery.

Adultery, according to Zaitun, is more of a moral issue that is determined by each individual’s personal accountability, rather than a crime.

"Whether we agree or not (with his actions), it’s his personal life."

She also objected vehemently to the spying culture prevalent among society. "What now, do we have to go to hotels at our own risk?" she quipped.

"We’re going after the wrong people with the wrong attitude," she added.

Zaitun maintained that it was obvious that Chua was set up by politically motivated people who spent so much time and effort setting up the spy cameras and distributing copies of the video to the public, especially while election season looms near.

"If they had put half their brain and energy into positive endeavours like flood mitigation, that would have actually benefited the public."

"Morality is a slippery issue, it’s easy to point fingers, but who are we to make such judgments?"

Giam Say Khoon

MCA accepts Chua's resignation
by : Giam Say Khoon

KUALA LUMPUR (Jan 2, 2008): The MCA regretfully accepted and respected Datuk Seri Dr Chua Soi Lek's decision to resign from his Cabinet position as Health Minister and Labis MP along with his other party positions.

MCA President Datuk Seri Ong Ka Ting, who chaired an Emergency Presidential Council meeting today, said it must have been a difficult decision for Chua and the party commends him for putting his party and the country before himself.

"Chua has been a hardworking and effective leader as well as an exceedingly competent minister," he said.

Ong said he had also recommended the candidate to replace Chua to the Prime Minister through a telephone call during the meeting. "It is the prerogative of the Prime Minister to make the final decision."

On Chua's party membership, Ong said his membership will remain as he had made a brave decision and that was sufficient to the party.

He said Chua's party post replacements will be decided by the Central Commtitee on Jan 8, "so deputy Johor chairman Tan Kok Hong will temporarily take over Chua's position as the State Liaison Committee Chairman while the Batu Pahat deputy chairman will temporarily take over Chua's division chairmanship," he told reporters after chairing a two-hour meeting in the party headquarters.

Asked whether Chua's incident had tarnished the party's image and Barisan Nasional, Ong said Chua had taken a brave move and the image of the party and BN will be preserved.

"We will continue to offer the best service to the people and it is time for us to move on," he said.

On whether the incident was a politically motivated trap, Ong said when these incidents happen, it will attract all sorts of speculations and the party views the case seriously and it hopes that the police will take firm action against the culprits responsible for filming and distributing the DVD.

"The incident has nothing to do with the party's internal conflict, this is just a speculation of our enemy but they will be disappointed as we are united," he said when responding to the question.

Asked whether he had offered Chua any advice on his resignation, Ong said: "Chua had thought about all aspects and made his own decision.

"The party wishes to record its appreciation to Chua for his loyal service to the party, the community and the nation. Our hearts are with him and his family as they weather this very difficult period.

"We salute Datin Seri Wong Sek Hin and her family for standing by him and for providing him the pillar of strength to go through these times," he said.

The meeting was attended by 18 Presidential Council members except Datuk Wong Kam Hoong, Datuk Liow Tiong Lai, Datuk Tan Chai Ho, Datin Paduka Chew Mei Fun and Chua who who announced his resignation in the Health Ministry office before the meeting.

PM: Chua's resignation appropriate
by : B Suresh Ram

PUTRAJAYA (Jan 2, 2008): Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi says Datuk Dr Chua Soi Lek's decision to resign as Health Minister is an appropriate move under the circumstances.

The Prime Minister, who received the resignation letter from Chua this morning, said the move by Chua to resign was appropriate because of the negative public reaction after the Health Minister admitted he was the senior politician featured in the sex DVD yesterday.

Abdullah said Chua's decision to quit was not discussed in the weekly Cabinet meeting as it involved the minister's personal affair.

"It was not discussed and no decision was taken," he added.

"The former Health Minister had attended the first Cabinet meeting for the year but did not mention anything. I was only aware of the scandal on Tuesday and that Chua's explanation on the issue is sufficient.

"I would like to thank him for taking into account the negative effects of his actions against the government and the party in coming to a decision," he told reporters in a specially arranged press conference here today.

Abdullah said the Health Minister's post would be filled with an appropriate candidate from MCA, adding that an Acting Health Minister would be appointed to fill the vacuum.

"I will have to discuss with (Datuk Seri) Ong Ka Ting and MCA. No decision on this issue has been made," he said.

He also said there is no need for a by-election for the Labis parliamentary seat following the two-year non-election period.

He added that the question of a candidate for the Labis parliamentary seat would have to be discussed with the MCA leadership.

Abdullah said had not viewed the sex scandal tape but "there will be no further action against Chua".

He was also confident that the MCA would weather the resignation of its party vice-president.

"I do not believe that there will be a crisis in the MCA as the party leadership has the ability to handle the matter," he said.

Abdullah who is also the Barisan Nasional chairman said that it was unlikely that the scandal would have any effect on the coalition's preparation for the general election.

"I do not see it affecting (the BN) ... as the election machinery is working as usual. We do not lack the manpower to continue whatever preparations that we are undertaking," he said.

On whether there was a political plot behind Chua's sex scandal and his resignation, Abdullah refused to be dragged into speculation.

"The police will get to the bottom of the matter involving the sex DVD," said Abdullah.

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Chua Soi Lek Issues

'My biggest mistake'

Morality is part of leadership | Chua's resignation sets a precedent: NGO

By: (Thu, 03 Jan 2008)

PUTRAJAYA (Jan 3, 2007): Datuk Seri Dr Chua Soi Lek today took a swipe at his political rivals as he cleared his office in the Health Ministry, saying speculations about his agenda had caused him to become a target for people to bring him down politically.

"My biggest mistake ever since coming to KL is to fulfil my duties as the Health Minister and as MCA vice-president," declared Chua, who quit as Health Minister and from all party posts yesterday after admitting he was the man featured in a sex DVD, copies of which were widely distributed in Johor.

The 61-year-old Johor politician said his visits to inspect health facilities nationwide and meeting MCA grassroots members gave rise to speculations that he had a political agenda, prompting some people to target him to bring him down.

"As Health Minister and MCA vice-president, I had to travel country-wide to know about the medical facilities and to let MCA members know me as I am a new face in national politics.

(Chua was a state executive councillor in Johor before being named as a federal minister three-and-a-half-years ago.)

"So I feel proud to have visited no fewer than 100 over hospitals and over 50 health facilities during the three-and-a-half-years as a minister," he told an unscheduled press conference in his Ministry.

Chua said when he went to some hospitals, he was shocked when told no politician had ever visited the hospitals despite operating for more than 30 years. "I thought they were joking or being polite but when I looked at the hospitals, it was true."

"And because of this and when I meet party members as I travel, there are a lot of speculations that I have political agenda and that I am a very ambitious man ... I think that was my biggest mistake," said a relaxed Chua, who fielded questions with his trademark sarcasm.

"A lot of people were highly suspicious of my movements, why is this man working so hard meeting members ... so he must have a political agenda. He must be ambitious. This was made worse by the press. The press will always say Dr Chua is one who may be mounting a challenge against the deputy president, against the president.

"The press helped to kill me, to be honest ... so the truth is that the pen is mightier than the sword," he said.

Chua, a medical doctor, said he was unhappy with the "political behaviour of some leaders" but did not elaborate.

Asked if he knew his political foes, he said: "People who are suspicious of me are the people who will gain from being suspicious of me. This is Chua Soi Lek. I will never change. People say I am arrogant but I don't think I am arrogant. I am just telling you the truth."

Giving parting advice to the incoming Health Minister, he said: "If you move too fast, then you too would be subjected to speculations ... this is the political reality."

"I agree when some people say this is the Ministry of Hell, not because of the ministry work but because of the political system, but when you work too hard, people think you are (politically) ambitious or that you have political agenda."

Chua said he understood the political reality in the country that once "you are no more a political leader, people tend to forget you or stay away from you".

"Sometimes people may not recognise you anymore ... I have seen in my own eyes former ministers who attend functions have no place to sit," said the Labis MP.

Asked if he would take a break after this bitter episode, Chua said he would not go on a vacation as "it is a wrong prescription".

"When a person is upset and he goes on leave, he has more time to think and speculate and that would aggravate his feelings ... as far as I am concerned I am not upset. I have stripped-bare myself to all the 26 million Malaysians about my private life. What is there to be sad. I have resigned from all government posts and party posts, what more do they want.

"They cannot possibly ask for my head because the Malaysian political struggle is not a do or die battle like in Pakistan."

He said he would not go on a tour to meet MCA grassroots members but would attend functions if invited.

"If I travel now I have to use my own expenses. I have to call and book (flights and hotel rooms). I don't even know how to book a ticket, a hotel room ... that's the truth because I have been enjoying these facilities from the government for the last 18 years."

He also reiterated that the circulation of the sex DVD was not due to business rivalry as he had never been involved in business and also had nothing to do with money (debt).

"Who are my enemies, I really don't know. But I am a politician and politicians will have enemies and supporters, this nobody can deny."

He reiterated that he would not pursue the matter of who did the tape.

"Even the police will have difficulty because it was done some six to eight months ago ... if you look at the tape, there is a date there also. The police have asked me to give a statement on the matter when I have the time."

LETTER

Morality is part of leadership

I just looked up the Rukun Negara and the fifth tenement reads ‘Kesopanan dan Kesusilaan’ which basically means ‘Courtesy/Good Behaviour and Morality’.

Morality (from the Latin moralitas "manner, character, proper behavior") has three principal meanings.

In its first descriptive usage, morality means a code of conduct held to be authoritative in matters of right and wrong, whether by society, philosophy, religion, or individual conscience.

In its second, normative and universal, sense, morality refers to an ideal code of conduct, one which would be espoused in preference to alternatives by all rational people, under specified conditions. To deny "morality" in this sense is a position known as moral skepticism.

In its third usage "morality" is synonymous with ethics, the systematic philosophical study of the moral domain.

Morality can also be seen as the collection of beliefs as to what constitutes a good life. Since throughout most of human history, religions have provided both visions and regulations for an ideal life, morality is often confused with religious precepts.

In secular communities, lifestyle choices, which represent an individual’s conception of the good life, are often discussed in terms of "morality". Individuals sometimes feel that making an appropriate lifestyle choice invokes a true morality, and that accepted codes of conduct within their chosen community are fundamentally moral, even when such codes deviate from more general social principles.

Moral codes are often complex definitions of right and wrong that are based upon well-defined value systems. Although some people might think that a moral code is simple, rarely is there anything simple about one’s values, ethics, etc. or, for that matter, the judgment of those of others. The difficulty lies in the fact that morals are often part of a religion and more often than not about culture codes.

Whether the private lives of politicians are a public morals issue is not a matter of agreement, internationally speaking; the existence of an extra-marital relationship of a minister would in some countries be considered a revelation well within the sphere of the public interest, while in other countries it would be considered quite irrelevant.

In light of the recent exploits of our former Health Minister and his declaration that some Malaysians have a holier-than-thou attitude, some of us may have taken on the attitude of Mrs Patrick Campbell (Feb 9, 1865 – April 9, 1940) – one of the most successful British stage actresses of her generation - who said that she didn’t care what people did as long as they "didn't frighten the horses".

At the same time, her now famous remark shows that in some sense even high tolerance expects a public limitation on behaviour (sexual conduct is implied here).

Coming back to the Rukun Negara, we expect our children to recite it throughout their school years. Unfortunately the same requirement does not extend to us adults, in particular our public figures, i.e. ministers.

I’m quite ignorant about the oath/declaration taken by ministers during their swearing in ceremony. Do they make any solemn oath to uphold the moral fibres of this society and become exemplary leaders?

We often urge our young people to look up to these public figures as role models – but if they make a huge mistake and yet expect to be just given a slap on the wrist, what kind of message are we passing on to our young people?

It would appear that we are condoning extra-marital affairs and adultery. In instances like this, we cannot compare ourselves to the Western countries and sweep everything under the carpet. We are Malaysians and our culture and upbringing is so much different from the West, and most importantly we are guided by our religious beliefs.

A public figure, in particular a minister has no right to say that his personal life is his business and nobody else’s. And hiding behind the "it does not pay to be honest" line is not going to gain any sympathy from anyone. Has he forgotten that he was elected to the post by the people and as such, we the voters and the tax payers have a right to demand a certain degree of conduct from him?

Patricia Pereira
Kuala Lumpur

Chua's resignation sets a precedent: NGO
Kimberley Lau, Husna Yusop and Pauline Puah

PETALING JAYA (Jan 3, 2008): Former Health Minister and MCA vice-president Datuk Seri Dr Chua Soi Lek's resignation was the right thing to do and should be examplified by other government officials who have been accused of misconduct.

"People holding public office are held to high standards of conduct and behaviour, and rightly so. The higher the office, the more responsibility they owe to the public," said Bar Council president Ambiga Sreenevasan.

"In the circumstances, the minister's resignation was the right thing to do. It accords with transparency and public accountability. The whole incident is regrettable but he did do the right thing ultimately."

Chua, yesterday, relinquished all his government and party posts and as Labis MP with immediate effect after he confessed to be the man in a sex video which was randomly distributed in the form of two DVDs in Johor.

Political analyst Wong Chin Huat said Chua's resignation is praise-worthy because many other ministers, who have been accused of misdemeanor, have not done so.

"I judge a politician by what he does in office and not in his private life, unless whatever they do in private affects their ability to perform their duty.

"Chua should not be the first one to resign. There are many ministers, those whose ability and competence have been questioned, should've stepped down rather than Chua," he said, citing Transport Minister Datuk Seri Chan Kong Choy's handling of the Port Klang Free Zone project as an example.

"In that sense, Chua's resignation is commendable because he has done it before other ministers who have more compelling reasons to resign."

Youth For Change (Y4C) convener Lee Khai Loon said while Chua should be given credit for his swift resignation from all government posts, bigger issues of accountability lingered in the air.

"A lot of officials who commit mistakes, such as corruption, refuse to answer to the public. They hold on their positions and sit there until they are proven guilty."

Lee said Chua's resignation should set a precedent for other cases of misdemeanor.

He said any officials who are alleged to have commited mistakes should be suspended until their innocence is proven, rather than allowing them to hold office until proven guilty.

"If someone denies it (the accusation), it should not be left at that. This is a matter of public interest and affects the country's policy. The question in Chua's case is if there was a misuse of power instead of the currently highlighted moral issue."

Citizen Think Tank, an internet-based strategy to achieve knowledge democracy, feels that Chua's resignation is not sincere.

The website's moderator Dzul Bahrin felt the minister's resignation was only tendered after pressure was exerted by numerous parties.

Other comments from fellow politicians:

  • Umno Youth chief Datuk Seri Hishammuddin Hussein: Chua has set the standard for all leaders by putting party’s interest first above self interest, Any leaders or those holding high posts in the government and party should emulate Chua’s decision when involved in a situation which would affect the image of the party.

"What has happened had actually strengthened the people’s perception towards our leaders. This is a practice which should be emulated by all.

"All those holding high posts in the government or party must take the same stand if their action had tarnished the image of an institution. The institution’s interest must be placed higher than that of personal interest."

  • Gerakan acting president Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon: Chua's decision to resign from all his posts showed that he is a responsible person who willingly accept the consequences of his actions.

"Although there is a moral issue here, it must be stressed that he willingly took responsibility for his mistakes. It also showed that he is accountable and he also admitted to making a mistake."

  • Parliamentary Opposition Leader Lim Kit Siang: Some MCA leaders should emulate Chua's example in bearing full responsibility for their mistakes.

He renewed his call for Transport Minister Datuk Seri Chan Kong Choy to resign over his handling of RM4.6 billion Port Klang Free Zone (PKFZ) scandal.

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Wednesday, December 12, 2007

For peat's sake



Galaxie Blog

L I F E S T Y L E


For peat’s sake

Stories by HILARY CHIEW

INITIALLY, there was vehement denial. But, increasingly there is gradual admission. The facts that peat is a vital carbon sink and that disturbed peat is a significant source of carbon emission are being accepted by the oil palm industry.

Expansion of landbank by major industry players is the order of the day. More land – forested or degraded – is being converted into plantations. Spurred by escalating crude palm oil (CPO) prices and the hype over biofuel, oil palm ventures are spreading rapidly across Sarawak, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

Vital: Peatland in Kampar, Riau, Indonesia. Peatland is dense, swampy forest that efficiently soaks up greenhouse gases, provided it is healthy. Indonesia is the third largest emitter of carbon in the world, mainly due to deforestation and near-annual forest fires on islands such as Sumatra and Borneo.
Peat swamp forests, a feature of lowland forests, especially in Sarawak and the Riau, Jambi and Kalimantan provinces of Indonesia, are prime targets.

Although the industry has set up the voluntary compliance body called the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) to tackle the harmful effects of their activities which include clearing, burning and draining of the water-logged forest that spew carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, there remain some quarters within the industry that are reluctant to assume responsibility for their actions.

At a recent workshop addressing the sustainability issue of oil palm plantations, certain parties – notably plantation companies from Sarawak, such as Sarawak Oil Palm Bhd (SOPB) – questioned the accuracy of a widely referred study associating peatland destruction with climate change.

The Wetlands International report entitled Peat-CO2: Assessment of CO2 emissions from drained peatlands in South-East Asia estimates that 1,400 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) were emitted by peatland fires across the region each year between 1997 and 2006, with an additional 600 million tonnes per year being emitted from peatland decomposition caused by drainage.

Detractors were sceptical of the 632 tonnes per ha per year used as the emission average, considering it “too high”. The researchers reckoned the figure was “fairly conservative”, given that the emission range was between 355 tonnes and 874 tonnes in 2006.

There is also dispute over the rate of oxidisation according to different peat types. But the basic conclusion that disturbed peat is an emission source is no longer doubted.

Sarawak is expected to attract the bulk of oil palm plantation investment over the next decade and, already, one million hectares have been earmarked to produce the priced commodity for the next three years.

Conflict of interest: An oil palm plantation in Kota Waringin Timur regency in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Oil palm cultivation is the major culprit for the conversion of peatland in Sumatra and Kalimantan.
Towards this end, the RSPO executive board has commissioned a detailed study on carbon emission rates from degraded peatland that will likely result in another criterion for minimising greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Already, one of its 39 criteria forbids development of oil palm on peat soil from November 2005, taking into account that both virgin and degraded peat swamp forests have high conservation value.

Others criticised the so-called unfair and disproportioned attention on oil palm in the light of emerging information that temperate peatlands were also developed for soyabean, the commodity’s arch-rival in the global edible oil market.

Until indisputable data is obtained, some suggested that the industry should go ahead with conversion of peatland to accommodate expansion plans.

Peat expert Faizal Parish of Global Environment Centre acknowledged that all over the world, the valuable carbon store is being threatened by drainage and fire – the largest single source of carbon emission from the land use sector (3.5 billion tonnes per annum) – but it has been most dramatic in this region in the last decade.

The Mega Rice Project in Central Kalimantan continues to release carbon through its network of 4,600km of drainage canals and frequent peat fires.

Parish noted that cultivation of corn for ethanol production in the United States and soyabean plantations in China are the culprits of peat destruction and carbon emitters too. Soya is much less efficient in terms of land use compared with oil palm – to produce one tonne of soya oil requires at least five times more land area than palm oil.

Redemptive role

Far from being doomed, Parish said the industry is in a unique position to play a key role in combating global warming.

Threat to the environment: A worker watering seedlings at an oil palm nursery in Kasongan regency in Kalimantan. Booming world demand for palm oil for food and biofuels has led, and continues to lead, to forests being cleared, peat wetland exposed and carbon released.
“We should not take the findings negatively. We should focus on opportunities arising from the findings instead. Imagine the Malaysian Palm Oil Association (MPOA) transforming into the Malaysian Peatland Offset Association 30 years from now,” envisioned Parish of the carbon-offset potential of companies operating on peat.

He said oil palm growers possess the labour skills and resources to rehabilitate degraded peatlands. ”Instead of digging ditches, block them. Instead of cutting, replant.”

So, instead of trading in CPO, the future for oil palm growers could be trading in carbon instead.

MPOA head of research and development Chew Jit Seng said the industry needs time for the carbon offset business idea to sink in.

Under the right hydrological conditions, peat swamp forests that cover a mere 3% of the earth’s surface can continue to act as net carbon sinks. It is estimated that the forests store 42,000 mega tonnes of carbon, equivalent to 70 times the current annual global emissions from fossil fuel burning.

“We encourage those plantations on peat to adopt best management practices already applied by some companies. This includes a good water management regime, for a start,” Parish urged, adding that plantations should implement the RSPO’s Principles and Criteria (P&C) towards sustainable palm oil production as soon as possible.

The RSPO P&C was rolled out in 2005 and underwent a two-year trial by various companies in Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Brazil, Colombia and Ghana. The implementation is paving the way for certification of sustainable palm oil.

Avoided deforestation is the buzzword in the current battle to curb further carbon emission that is contributing to climate change. The World Bank has announced a US$250mil (RM850mil) investment fund to reward countries that keep their forests intact, hence trading in carbon credits earned from peatland rehabilitation is on the cards.

Developing countries, especially Indonesia, which has 25 million ha of tropical peat forests, is eyeing the huge carbon offset potential. Deforestation, peatland degradation and forest fires have put Indonesia among the world’s top three largest emitters of GHG.

Carbon release from peatland in Indonesia represents 58% of global peatland emission and is almost twice the emission from fossil fuel burning in the country. Oil palm cultivation is the major culprit for the conversion of peatland in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

In Malaysia, about 10% of the 4.2 million ha planted with oil palm is currently on peat soil, while the rest are grown on mineral soils. Of the 400,000ha, the largest area or 75% is in Sarawak.

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Higher cuts needed

Bali climate talks focus on Kyoto offsets.

RICH nations have less than a month to go before they must start meeting emissions caps under the Kyoto Protocol that aims to fight global warming. Yet 16 of the 36 industrialised nations bound by Kyoto limits are over their targets set for 2008-2012 and may have to buy carbon offsets to meet these, drawing criticism at the ongoing climate meeting in Bali, Indonesia.

“There’s this quite strong feeling (among poorer countries) that a number of commitments in those areas have not been met and will be conveniently forgotten when we switch to a new agenda item,” said Yvo de Boer, the UN’s head of climate change.

About 190 nations are meeting in Bali to try to initiate two years of talks that will lead to a successor pact from 2013. The goal is to agree on a broader climate pact bringing together rich and poor countries because targets under the existing Kyoto Protocol have been deemed too weak for the longer term.

Environmental activists and supporters praying for the world during the UN Climate Change Conference 2007 at Kuta Beach, Bali.
Kyoto obliges rich nations to cut greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 5% by 2008-2012 from 1990 levels, but allows them to pay developing countries to cut emissions on their behalf through a trade in carbon offsets.

Although Kyoto came into force in 2005, its commitment period only begins from Jan 1, 2008 till 2012.

Some developing countries, including Brazil, think rich nations should make painful emissions cuts at home, curbing their use of fossil fuels, before devising new ways to fund cheap cuts overseas such as reducing deforestation.

To focus on local action, the European Union has proposed a 10% limit on offsetting when meeting its goal to curb emissions by a fifth by 2020.

The United States did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol, saying in 2001 it was unfair to exempt developing countries from targets, and last week said that offsetting had allowed EU emissions to rise in spite of Kyoto caps.

Emissions of six of the 15 older members of the EU rose in 2005, putting the EU-15 about 2% below 1990 levels versus a Kyoto target of 8%.

“Emissions are rising, within that context (Kyoto) is not doing its job,” said Harlan Watson, the head of the US delegation in Bali.

“I fully expect the EU will meet its targets through the (carbon offset) mechanisms.”

The carbon offsetting scheme under Kyoto, called the Clean Development Mechanism, suits rich and many poorer countries by making it cheaper for rich countries to meet their targets and helping developing nations to curb emissions.

The UN said the current pipeline of offset projects could deliver up to 500 million tonnes of emissions cuts per year from 2008- 2012, equivalent to the annual emissions of Australia.

But many less developed countries including Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Bangladesh and Indonesia told the conference they were missing out on the benefits.

That’s partly because carbon offsetting pays companies to cut emissions, and doesn’t favour African countries which have few emissions to start with. The UN panel proposed last week to waive fees for project developers in such states. – Reuters

Related Stories:
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Broader pact


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